Toaster and Sandwich toaster

A toaster is a small, electric kitchen appliance designed to toast bread, an act also known as 'making toast.' Prior to the development of the electric toaster, bread was sometimes toasted by placing it in a metal frame and holding it over a fire. Modern toasters are typically one of two varieties. First are pop-up toasters, in which bread is inserted vertically into slots (generally only large enough to admit a single slice of bread) on the top of the toaster. A lever on the side of the toaster is depressed, activating the toaster. When an internal device determines that the toasting cycle is complete, the toaster turns off and the toast pops up out of the slots. The heating elements of a pop-up toaster are oriented vertically, parallel to the bread.

Second are toaster ovens, which are electric ovens with a door on one side and a tray within. To toast bread with a toaster oven, one lays down slices of bread horizontally on the tray, closes the door, and activates the toaster, usually by means of a lever. When the toast is done, the toaster turns off, but the door must be opened manually. Toaster ovens are capable of performing most of the functions of ordinary ovens, but on a much smaller scale.

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In the past, the completion of the toasting operation was determined by a mechanical timer; the user could adjust the running time of the timer to determine the degree of "doneness" of the toast, but the first cycle produced less toasted toast than subsequent cycles because the toaster was not yet warmed up. Newer toasters use a thermal device in close proximity to the toast. This allows the first cycle to run longer than subsequent cycles. The thermal device is also slightly responsive to the actual temperature of the toast itself. Like the timer, it can be adjusted by the user to determine the doneness of the toast.

As with so many home appliances, the fanciest toaster ovens now use computer controls instead of electromechanical controls. Toasters are usually freestanding, counter-top appliances, although some toaster ovens may be hung beneath cabinets. If toast is stuck in a toaster (which is more likely to happen with a pop-up toaster) it is highly recommended that one does not attempt to free it by inserting metal objects such as knives, due to the risk of electric shock. The technology that makes electric toasters possible, a nichrome wire that can endure high heat for a long time, was developed by Albert Marsh in 1905. At least two other brands of toasters had been introduced commercially around the time GE submitted the first patent application for their model D-12 in 1909.

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The pop-up toaster, which ejects the toast after toasting it, was patented by Charles Strite in 1919. In 1925, using a redesigned version of Strite's toaster, the Waters Genter Company introduced the Toastmaster, the first automatic pop-up, household toaster that could brown bread on both sides simultaneously, set the heating element on a timer, and eject the toast when finished. More recent additions to toaster technology include the ability to toast frozen bread, automatic toast lowering with no lever to push, a mode to toast the cut side of a bagel only, separate operation levers to allow users to toast either two or four slices, and reheating functions which allow toast to be warmed without being burned.

In 2001 Robin Southgate from Brunel University in England created a toaster that could toast the weather prediction (limited to sunny or cloudy) onto a piece of toast. The toaster dials a pre-coded phone number to get the weather forecast A sandwich toaster (or toasted sandwich maker, also jaffle iron in Australia and South Africa, quixie iron or quicksie iron in New Zealand; also sometimes known by the brand name Breville) is an electrical appliance used to toast sandwiches. Ordinary kitchen units generally consist of indented hot plates, clamped together around the sandwich. Usually two sandwiches can be toasted at a time. The plates are heated by electrical coils inside the appliance. Usually the exterior is somewhat separate from these to ensure the outside of the unit does not get too hot.

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Some of the earliest such household appliances were made by Breville, still used as a generic term in some parts of the world. Industrial units range from those similar to the kitchen appliance (squashing or clamping the sandwich) to grilling units, which use dry heat to toast the bread. Paninis are often made using equipment similar to sandwich toasters. In South Africa, these appliances are sometimes called Snackwiches, after a once popular brand of sandwich toaster. Toasted sandwiches are also known as "toasties", or also in Australia and South Africa as "jaffles".

The original Australian and South African jaffle iron was smaller, the same size as a slice of bread from a square loaf, designed to use in a fire, on a stove or gas ring. This was especially useful for outdoor cooking popular in both countries. The iron was made in two parts, identical except the edge where they hooked together. Long handles enabled the two parts to be firmly clamped together, and to be inserted in a fire or stove easily. The jaffle has always been a popular snack in Australia and South Africa, originally developed as an easy means to reheat leftover food, or to add to a worker's lunch bag.

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Toaster and Sandwich toaster

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